Mediterranean cyclones: current knowledge and open questions on dynamics, prediction, climatology and impacts
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Published:2022-02-14
Issue:1
Volume:3
Page:173-208
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ISSN:2698-4016
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Container-title:Weather and Climate Dynamics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Weather Clim. Dynam.
Author:
Flaounas EmmanouilORCID, Davolio SilvioORCID, Raveh-Rubin ShiraORCID, Pantillon FlorianORCID, Miglietta Mario MarcelloORCID, Gaertner Miguel AngelORCID, Hatzaki Maria, Homar VictorORCID, Khodayar Samira, Korres Gerasimos, Kotroni Vassiliki, Kushta Jonilda, Reale MarcoORCID, Ricard Didier
Abstract
Abstract. A large number of intense cyclones occur every year in the Mediterranean basin, one of the climate change hotspots. Producing a broad range of severe socio-economic and environmental impacts in such a densely populated region, Mediterranean cyclones call for coordinated and interdisciplinary research efforts. This article aims at supporting these efforts by reviewing the status of knowledge in the broad field of Mediterranean cyclones. First, we focus on the climatology of Mediterranean cyclone tracks, their relationship to large-scale atmospheric circulation and their future trends. Second, we discuss the dynamics and atmospheric processes that govern the genesis and development of Mediterranean cyclones. Then, we present the different subtypes of Mediterranean cyclones, devoting special attention to medicanes, i.e. cyclones with tropical characteristics and subjects of numerous recent studies. In a subsequent section, we review the state of the art in forecasting cyclones and relevant high-impact weather, and we discuss in detail the challenges and recent efforts to increase their forecast skill. Finally, we discuss the main impacts produced by cyclones, namely heavy precipitation, windstorms, dust transport, storm surges and sea wave extremes. In the last section of this review article, we thoroughly outline the future directions of research that would advance the broader field of Mediterranean cyclones.
Funder
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Agencia Estatal de Investigación European Regional Development Fund Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
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