Impact of international shipping emissions on ozone and PM<sub>2.5</sub> in East Asia during summer: the important role of HONO and ClNO<sub>2</sub>
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Published:2021-06-10
Issue:11
Volume:21
Page:8747-8759
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Dai Jianing, Wang TaoORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Ocean-going ships emit large amounts of air pollutants such as
nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter. NOx emitted from ships can
be converted to nitrous acid (HONO) and nitryl chloride (ClNO2), which
produce hydroxyl (OH) and chlorine (Cl) radicals and recycle NOx, thereby
affecting the oxidative capacity and production of secondary pollutants.
However, these effects have not been quantified in previous investigations
of the impacts of ship emissions. In this study, a regional transport model
(WRF-Chem) revised to incorporate the latest HONO and ClNO2 processes
was used to investigate their effects on the concentrations of ROx
(RO2 + HO2 + OH) radicals, ozone (O3), and fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) in Asia during summer. The results show that the ship-derived
HONO and ClNO2 increased the concentration of ROx radicals by
approximately 2–3 times in the marine boundary layer. The enhanced
radicals then increased the O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in marine
areas, with the ship contributions increasing from 9 % to 21 %
and from 7 % to 10 % respectively. The largest ROx enhancement was
simulated over the remote ocean with the ship contribution increasing from
29 % to 50 %, which led to increases in ship-contributed O3 and
PM2.5 from 21 % to 38 % and from 13 % to 19 % respectively. In
coastal cities, the enhanced levels of radicals also increased the maximum
O3 and averaged PM2.5 concentrations from 5 % to 11 % and from
4 %–8 % to 4 %–12 % respectively. These findings indicate
that modelling studies that do not consider HONO and ClNO2 can
significantly underestimate the impact of ship emissions on radicals and
secondary pollutants. Therefore, it is important that these nitrogen
compounds be included in future models of the impact of ship emissions on
air quality.
Funder
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee National Natural Science Foundation of China
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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