Impact of synthetic space-borne NO<sub>2</sub> observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P missions on tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> analyses
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Published:2019-10-14
Issue:19
Volume:19
Page:12811-12833
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Timmermans Renske, Segers Arjo, Curier Lyana, Abida Rachid, Attié Jean-Luc, El Amraoui Laaziz, Eskes HenkORCID, de Haan Johan, Kujanpää JukkaORCID, Lahoz William, Oude Nijhuis AlbertORCID, Quesada-Ruiz SamuelORCID, Ricaud PhilippeORCID, Veefkind Pepijn, Schaap Martijn
Abstract
Abstract. We present an Observing System Simulation Experiment
(OSSE) dedicated to the evaluation of the added value of the Sentinel-4 and
Sentinel-5P missions for tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Sentinel-4 is a geostationary (GEO) mission covering the European continent,
providing observations with high temporal resolution (hourly). Sentinel-5P
is a low Earth orbit (LEO) mission providing daily observations with
a global coverage. The OSSE experiment has been carefully designed, with
separate models for the simulation of observations and for the assimilation
experiments and with conservative estimates of the total observation
uncertainties. In the experiment we simulate Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P
tropospheric NO2 columns and surface ozone concentrations at 7 by 7 km
resolution over Europe for two 3-month summer and winter periods. The
synthetic observations are based on a nature run (NR) from a chemistry
transport model (MOCAGE) and error estimates using instrument
characteristics. We assimilate the simulated observations into a chemistry
transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) independent of the NR to evaluate their
impact on modelled NO2 tropospheric columns and surface concentrations.
The results are compared to an operational system where only ground-based
ozone observations are ingested. Both instruments have an added value to
analysed NO2 columns and surface values, reflected in decreased biases
and improved correlations. The Sentinel-4 NO2 observations with hourly
temporal resolution benefit modelled NO2 analyses throughout the entire
day where the daily Sentinel-5P NO2 observations have a slightly lower
impact that lasts up to 3–6 h after overpass. The evaluated benefits may
be even higher in reality as the applied error estimates were shown to be
higher than actual errors in the now operational Sentinel-5P NO2
products. We show that an accurate representation of the NO2 profile is
crucial for the benefit of the column observations on surface values. The
results support the need for having a combination of GEO and LEO missions
for NO2 analyses in view of the complementary benefits of hourly
temporal resolution (GEO, Sentinel-4) and global coverage (LEO, Sentinel-5P).
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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