Molecular characterization of polar organic aerosol constituents in off-road engine emissions using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS): implications for source apportionment
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Published:2019-11-20
Issue:22
Volume:19
Page:13945-13956
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Cui Min, Li Cheng, Chen YingjunORCID, Zhang Fan, Li JunORCID, Jiang Bin, Mo YangzhiORCID, Li Jia, Yan Caiqing, Zheng Mei, Xie ZhiyongORCID, Zhang Gan, Zheng Junyu
Abstract
Abstract. The molecular compositions of polar organic compounds (POCs) in
particles emitted from various vessels and excavators were characterized
using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR
MS), and possible molecular structures of POCs were proposed. POCs were
extracted with purified water and sorted by elemental composition into three
groups: CHO, CHON, and S-containing compounds (CHONS and CHOS). The results
show the following. (i) CHO (accounting for 49 % of total POCs in terms of peak
response) was the most abundant group for all tested off-road engines,
followed by CHON (33 %) and CHOS (35 %) for diesel and HFO (heavy-fuel-oil)-fueled off-road engines. (ii) The abundance and
structure of the CHON group in water extracts were different in terms of
engine type and load. The relative peak response of CHON was the highest for
excavator emissions in working mode, compared to the idling and moving
modes. Furthermore, dinitrophenol and methyl dinitrophenol were potentially
the most abundant emission species for high-rated speed excavators, while
nitronaphthol and methyl nitronaphthol were more important for low-rated
speed vessels. (iii) The composition and structure of the S-containing
compounds were directly influenced by fuel oil characteristics (sulfur
content and aromatic ring), with more condensed aromatic rings in the
S-containing compounds proposed in HFO-fueled vessel emissions. More
abundant aliphatic chains were inferred in diesel equipment emissions.
Overall, higher fractions of condensed hydrocarbons and aromatic rings in
POCs emitted from vessels using HFO cause strong optical absorption
capacity. Different structures in POCs could provide a direction for
qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds as tracers to
distinguish these emissions from diesel or HFO-fueled off-road engines.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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