Accounting for the vertical distribution of emissions in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> simulations
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Published:2019-04-05
Issue:7
Volume:19
Page:4541-4559
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Brunner DominikORCID, Kuhlmann GerritORCID, Marshall JuliaORCID, Clément Valentin, Fuhrer OliverORCID, Broquet Grégoire, Löscher ArminORCID, Meijer Yasjka
Abstract
Abstract. Inverse modeling of anthropogenic and biospheric CO2
fluxes from ground-based and satellite observations critically depends on the
accuracy of atmospheric transport simulations. Previous studies emphasized
the impact of errors in simulated winds and vertical mixing in the planetary
boundary layer, whereas the potential importance of releasing emissions not
only at the surface but distributing them in the vertical was largely
neglected. Accounting for elevated emissions may be critical, since more than
50 % of CO2 in Europe is emitted by large point sources such as
power plants and industrial facilities. In this study, we conduct
high-resolution atmospheric simulations of CO2 with the mesoscale
Consortium for Small-scale Modeling model extended with a
module for the simulation of greenhouse gases (COSMO-GHG) over a domain covering the city of Berlin and several
coal-fired power plants in eastern Germany, Poland and Czech Republic. By
including separate tracers for anthropogenic CO2 emitted only at the
surface or according to realistic, source-dependent profiles, we find that
releasing CO2 only at the surface overestimates near-surface
CO2 concentrations in the afternoon on average by 14 % in summer
and 43 % in winter over the selected model domain. Differences in
column-averaged dry air mole XCO2 fractions are smaller, between
5 % in winter and 8 % in summer, suggesting smaller yet non-negligible
sensitivities for inversion modeling studies assimilating satellite rather
than surface observations. The results suggest that the traditional approach
of emitting CO2 only at the surface is problematic and that a proper
allocation of emissions in the vertical deserves as much attention as an
accurate simulation of atmospheric transport.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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