Multifrequency radar observations of clouds and precipitation including the G-band
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Published:2021-05-20
Issue:5
Volume:14
Page:3615-3629
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ISSN:1867-8548
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Container-title:Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Meas. Tech.
Author:
Lamer KatiaORCID, Oue MarikoORCID, Battaglia Alessandro, Roy Richard J., Cooper Ken B., Dhillon Ranvir, Kollias Pavlos
Abstract
Abstract. Observations collected during the 25 February 2020 deployment of
the Vapor In-Cloud Profiling Radar at the Stony Brook Radar Observatory
clearly demonstrate the potential of G-band radars for cloud and
precipitation research, something that until now was only discussed in
theory. The field experiment, which coordinated an X-, Ka-, W- and G-band
radar, revealed that the Ka–G pairing can generate differential reflectivity
signal several decibels larger than the traditional Ka–W pairing
underpinning an increased sensitivity to smaller amounts of liquid and ice
water mass and sizes. The observations also showed that G-band signals
experience non-Rayleigh scattering in regions where Ka- and W-band signal
do not, thus demonstrating the potential of G-band radars for sizing
sub-millimeter ice crystals and droplets. Observed peculiar radar
reflectivity patterns also suggest that G-band radars could be used to gain
insight into the melting behavior of small ice crystals. G-band signal interpretation is challenging, because attenuation and
non-Rayleigh effects are typically intertwined. An ideal liquid-free period
allowed us to use triple-frequency Ka–W–G observations to test existing ice
scattering libraries, and the results raise questions on their
comprehensiveness. Overall, this work reinforces the importance of deploying radars (1) with sensitivity sufficient enough to detect small Rayleigh scatters at cloud top in
order to derive estimates of path-integrated hydrometeor attenuation, a key
constraint for microphysical retrievals; (2) with sensitivity sufficient enough to
overcome liquid attenuation, to reveal the larger differential signals
generated from using the G-band as part of a multifrequency deployment; and (3) capable of monitoring atmospheric gases to reduce related uncertainty.
Funder
National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Brookhaven National Laboratory National Centre for Earth Observation
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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