Effect of deep convection on the tropical tropopause layer composition over the southwest Indian Ocean during austral summer
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Published:2020-09-10
Issue:17
Volume:20
Page:10565-10586
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Evan StephanieORCID, Brioude Jerome, Rosenlof KarenORCID, Davis Sean M.ORCID, Vömel HolgerORCID, Héron Damien, Posny FrançoiseORCID, Metzger Jean-Marc, Duflot Valentin, Payen Guillaume, Vérèmes Hélène, Keckhut Philippe, Cammas Jean-Pierre
Abstract
Abstract. Balloon-borne measurements of cryogenic frost-point hygrometer (CFH) water vapor, ozone and
temperature and water vapor lidar measurements from the Maïdo Observatory on Réunion Island in the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) were
used to study tropical cyclones' influence on tropical tropopause layer (TTL) composition. The balloon
launches were specifically planned using a Lagrangian model and Meteosat-7
infrared images to sample the convective outflow from tropical storm (TS)
Corentin on 25 January 2016 and tropical cyclone (TC) Enawo on 3 March
2017. Comparing the CFH profile to Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder's (MLS) monthly climatologies, water vapor anomalies
were identified. Positive anomalies of water vapor and temperature, and
negative anomalies of ozone between 12 and 15 km in altitude (247 to 121 hPa),
originated from convectively active regions of TS Corentin and TC Enawo 1 d before the planned balloon launches according to the Lagrangian
trajectories. Near the tropopause region, air masses on 25 January 2016 were anomalously
dry around 100 hPa and were traced back to TS Corentin's active convective
region where cirrus clouds and deep convective clouds may have dried the
layer. An anomalously wet layer around 68 hPa was traced back to the southeast Indian Ocean where a monthly water vapor anomaly of 0.5 ppmv was observed. In
contrast, no water vapor anomaly was found near or above the tropopause
region on 3 March 2017 over Maïdo as the tropopause region was not
downwind of TC Enawo. This study compares and contrasts the impact of two
tropical cyclones on the humidification of the TTL over the SWIO. It also
demonstrates the need for accurate balloon-borne measurements of water
vapor, ozone and aerosols in regions where TTL in situ observations are sparse.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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