Lignin's ability to nucleate ice via immersion freezing and its stability towards physicochemical treatments and atmospheric processing
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Published:2020-11-30
Issue:23
Volume:20
Page:14509-14522
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Bogler Sophie, Borduas-Dedekind NadineORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Aerosol–cloud interactions dominate the uncertainties in current
predictions of the atmosphere's radiative balance. Specifically, the ice
phase remains difficult to predict in mixed-phase clouds, where liquid water
and ice co-exist. The formation of ice in these clouds originates from
heterogeneous ice nucleation processes, of which immersion freezing is a
dominant pathway. Among atmospheric surfaces capable of forming a template for ice,
mineral dust, biological material and more recently organic matter are
known to initiate freezing. To further our understanding of the role of
organic matter in ice nucleation, we chose to investigate the ice nucleation
(IN) ability of a specific subcomponent of atmospheric organic matter, the
biopolymer lignin. Ice nucleation experiments were conducted in our
custom-built freezing ice nuclei counter (FINC) to measure freezing
temperatures in the immersion freezing mode. We find that lignin acts as an
ice-active macromolecule at temperatures relevant for mixed-phase cloud
processes (e.g. 50 % activated fraction up to −18.8 ∘C at 200 mg C L−1). Within a dilution series of lignin solutions, we observed a
non-linear effect in freezing temperatures; the number of IN sites per milligram of
carbon increased with decreasing lignin concentration. We attribute this
change to a concentration-dependant aggregation of lignin in solution. We
further investigated the effect of physicochemical treatments on lignin's IN
activity, including experiments with sonication, heating and reaction with
hydrogen peroxide. Only harsh conditions such as heating to 260 ∘C and addition of a mixture with a ratio of 1 : 750 of grams of lignin to millilitres of hydrogen peroxide were able to decrease lignin's IN activity to the instrument's background
level. Next, photochemical and ozone bubbling experiments were conducted to
test the effect of atmospheric processing on lignin's IN activity. We showed
that this activity was not susceptible to changes under atmospherically
relevant conditions, despite chemical changes observed by UV–Vis absorbance. Our results present lignin as a recalcitrant IN-active subcomponent of
organic matter within, for example, biomass burning aerosols and brown carbon.
They further contribute to the understanding of how soluble organic material
in the atmosphere can nucleate ice.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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