Dynamics of ENSO-driven stratosphere-to-troposphere transport of ozone over North America
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Published:2022-10-11
Issue:19
Volume:22
Page:13035-13048
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Albers John R.ORCID, Butler Amy H.ORCID, Langford Andrew O., Elsbury Dillon, Breeden Melissa L.
Abstract
Abstract. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to modulate the strength and frequency of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) of ozone over the Pacific–North American region during late winter to early summer. Dynamical processes that have been proposed to account for this variability include variations in the amount of ozone in the lowermost
stratosphere that is available for STT and tropospheric circulation-related
variations in the frequency and geographic distribution of individual STT
events. Here we use a large ensemble of Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model
(WACCM) simulations (forced by sea-surface temperature (SST) boundary
conditions consistent with each phase of ENSO) to show that variability in
lower-stratospheric ozone and shifts in the Pacific tropospheric jet
constructively contribute to the amount of STT of ozone in the North
American region during both ENSO phases. In terms of stratospheric
variability, ENSO drives ozone anomalies resembling the Pacific–North
American teleconnection pattern that span much of the lower stratosphere
below 50 hPa. These ozone anomalies, which dominate over other ENSO-driven
changes in the Brewer–Dobson circulation (including changes due to both the
stratospheric residual circulation and quasi-isentropic mixing), strongly
modulate the amount of ozone available for STT transport. As a result,
during late winter (February–March), the stratospheric ozone response to the
teleconnections constructively reinforces anomalous ENSO-jet-driven STT of
ozone. However, as ENSO forcing weakens as spring progresses into summer
(April–June), the direct effects of the ENSO-jet-driven STT transport
weaken. Nevertheless, the residual impacts of the teleconnections on the
amount of ozone in the lower stratosphere persist, and these anomalies in
turn continue to cause anomalous STT of ozone. These results should prove
helpful for interpreting the utility of ENSO as a subseasonal predictor of
both free-tropospheric ozone and the probability of stratospheric ozone
intrusion events that may cause exceedances in surface air quality
standards.
Funder
National Science Foundation
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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