Atmospheric boundary layer height from ground-based remote sensing: a review of capabilities and limitations

Author:

Kotthaus SimoneORCID,Bravo-Aranda Juan AntonioORCID,Collaud Coen Martine,Guerrero-Rascado Juan LuisORCID,Costa Maria JoãoORCID,Cimini DomenicoORCID,O'Connor Ewan J.ORCID,Hervo MaximeORCID,Alados-Arboledas LucasORCID,Jiménez-Portaz María,Mona LuciaORCID,Ruffieux Dominique,Illingworth Anthony,Haeffelin Martial

Abstract

Abstract. The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) defines the volume of air adjacent to the Earth's surface for the dilution of heat, moisture, and trace substances. Quantitative knowledge on the temporal and spatial variations in the heights of the ABL and its sub-layers is still scarce, despite their importance for a series of applications (including, for example, air quality, numerical weather prediction, greenhouse gas assessment, and renewable energy production). Thanks to recent advances in ground-based remote-sensing measurement technology and algorithm development, continuous profiling of the entire ABL vertical extent at high temporal and vertical resolution is increasingly possible. Dense measurement networks of autonomous ground-based remote-sensing instruments, such as microwave radiometers, radar wind profilers, Doppler wind lidars or automatic lidars and ceilometers are hence emerging across Europe and other parts of the world. This review summarises the capabilities and limitations of various instrument types for ABL monitoring and provides an overview on the vast number of retrieval methods developed for the detection of ABL sub-layer heights from different atmospheric quantities (temperature, humidity, wind, turbulence, aerosol). It is outlined how the diurnal evolution of the ABL can be monitored effectively with a combination of methods, pointing out where instrumental or methodological synergy are considered particularly promising. The review highlights the fact that harmonised data acquisition across carefully designed sensor networks as well as tailored data processing are key to obtaining high-quality products that are again essential to capture the spatial and temporal complexity of the lowest part of the atmosphere in which we live and breathe.

Funder

European Cooperation in Science and Technology

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Universidad de Granada

European Commission

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Horizon 2020

Publisher

Copernicus GmbH

Subject

Atmospheric Science

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