Long-term magnetic anomalies and their possible relationship to the latest greater Chilean earthquakes in the context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory
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Published:2021-06-11
Issue:6
Volume:21
Page:1785-1806
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ISSN:1684-9981
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Container-title:Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
Author:
Guillermo Cordaro Enrique,Venegas-Aravena Patricio,Laroze David
Abstract
Abstract. Several magnetic measurements and theoretical developments from different
research groups have shown certain relationships with worldwide geological
processes. Secular variation in geomagnetic cutoff rigidity, magnetic
frequencies, or magnetic anomalies have been linked with spatial properties
of active convergent tectonic margins or earthquake occurrences during
recent years. These include the rise in similar fundamental frequencies in
the range of microhertz before the Maule 2010, Tōhoku 2011, and Sumatra–Andaman 2004
earthquakes and the dramatic rise in the cumulative number of magnetic
anomalous peaks before several earthquakes such as Nepal 2015 and Mexico (Puebla) 2017. Currently, all of these measurements have been physically
explained by the microcrack generation due to uniaxial stress change in rock
experiments. The basic physics of these experiments have been used to
describe the lithospheric behavior in the context of the
seismo-electromagnetic theory. Due to the dramatic increase in experimental
evidence, physical mechanisms, and the theoretical framework, this paper analyzes
vertical magnetic behavior close to the three latest main earthquakes in
Chile: Maule 2010 (Mw 8.8), Iquique 2014 (Mw 8.2), and Illapel 2015 (Mw 8.3).
The fast Fourier transform (FFT), wavelet transform, and daily cumulative number of anomalies methods
were used during quiet space weather time during 1 year before and after
each earthquake in order to filter space influence. The FFT method confirms the
rise in the power spectral density in the millihertz range 1 month before each
earthquake, which decreases to lower values some months after
earthquake occurrence. The cumulative anomaly method exhibited an increase
prior to each Chilean earthquake (50–90 d prior to earthquakes) similar
to those found for Nepal 2015 and Mexico 2017. The wavelet analyses also
show similar properties to FFT analysis. However, the lack of
physics-based constraints in the wavelet analysis does not allow conclusions that are
as strong as those made by FFT and cumulative methods. By using these results and previous
research, it could be stated that these magnetic features could give seismic
information about impending events. Additionally, these results could be
related to the lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC effect) and
the growth of microcracks and electrification in rocks described by the
seismo-electromagnetic theory.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
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