3D high-resolution seismic imaging of the iron oxide deposits in Ludvika (Sweden) using full-waveform inversion and reverse time migration
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Published:2022-06-29
Issue:6
Volume:13
Page:1065-1085
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ISSN:1869-9529
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Container-title:Solid Earth
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Solid Earth
Author:
Singh BrijORCID, Malinowski MichałORCID, Górszczyk AndrzejORCID, Malehmir AlirezaORCID, Buske StefanORCID, Sito Łukasz, Marsden PaulORCID
Abstract
Abstract. A sparse 3D seismic survey was acquired over the Blötberget iron oxide
deposits of the Ludvika Mines in south-central Sweden. The main aim of the
survey was to delineate the deeper extension of the mineralisation and to
better understand its 3D nature and associated fault systems for mine
planning purposes. To obtain a high-quality seismic image in depth, we
applied time-domain 3D acoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI) to build a
high-resolution P-wave velocity model. This model was subsequently used for
pre-stack depth imaging with reverse time migration (RTM) to produce the
complementary reflectivity section. We developed a data preprocessing
workflow and inversion strategy for the successful implementation of FWI in
the hardrock environment. We obtained a high-fidelity velocity model using
FWI and assessed its robustness. We extensively tested and optimised the
parameters associated with the RTM method for subsequent depth imaging using
different velocity models: a constant velocity model, a model built using
first-arrival travel-time tomography and a velocity model derived by FWI. We
compare our RTM results with a priori data available in the area. We conclude that,
from all tested velocity models, the FWI velocity model in combination with
the subsequent RTM step provided the most focussed image of the
mineralisation and we successfully mapped its 3D geometrical nature. In
particular, a major reflector interpreted as a cross-cutting fault, which is
restricting the deeper extension of the mineralisation with depth, and
several other fault structures which were earlier not imaged were also
delineated. We believe that a thorough analysis of the depth images derived
with the combined FWI–RTM approach that we present here can provide more
details which will help with better estimation of areas with high
mineralisation, better mine planning and safety measures.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Paleontology,Stratigraphy,Earth-Surface Processes,Geochemistry and Petrology,Geology,Geophysics,Soil Science
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