Abstract
Abstract. Numerical models for dense snow avalanches have become central to hazard zone mapping
and mitigation. Several commercial and free applications, which are used on a
regular basis, implement such models. In this study we present a tool based
on the open-source toolkit OpenFOAM® as an
alternative to the established solutions. The proposed tool implements a
depth-integrated shallow flow model in accordance with current practice. The
solver combines advantages of the extensive OpenFOAM infrastructure with
popular models from the avalanche community. OpenFOAM allows assembling
custom physical models with built-in primitives and implements the numerical
solution at a high level. OpenFOAM supports an extendable solver structure,
making the tool well-suited for future developments and rapid prototyping. We
introduce the basic solver, implementing an incompressible, single-phase
model for natural terrain, including entrainment. The respective workflow,
consisting of meshing, pre-processing, numerical solution and
post-processing, is presented. We demonstrate data transfer from and to a
geographic information system (GIS) to allow a simple application in
practice. The tool chain is based entirely on open-source applications and
libraries and can be easily customised and extended. Simulation results for a
well-documented avalanche event are presented and compared to previous
numerical studies and historical data.
Cited by
22 articles.
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