The Multiple Snow Data Assimilation System (MuSA v1.0)
-
Published:2022-12-21
Issue:24
Volume:15
Page:9127-9155
-
ISSN:1991-9603
-
Container-title:Geoscientific Model Development
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Geosci. Model Dev.
Author:
Alonso-González EstebanORCID, Aalstad KristofferORCID, Baba Mohamed Wassim, Revuelto JesúsORCID, López-Moreno Juan Ignacio, Fiddes Joel, Essery RichardORCID, Gascoin SimonORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Accurate knowledge of the seasonal snow distribution is vital in several domains including ecology, water resources management, and tourism. Current spaceborne sensors provide a useful but incomplete description of the snowpack. Many studies suggest that the assimilation of remotely sensed products in physically based snowpack models is a promising path forward to estimate the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE). However, to date there is no standalone, open-source, community-driven project dedicated to snow data assimilation, which makes it difficult to compare existing algorithms and fragments development efforts. Here we introduce a new data assimilation toolbox, the Multiple Snow Data Assimilation System (MuSA), to help fill this gap. MuSA was developed to fuse remotely sensed information that is available at different timescales with the energy and mass balance Flexible Snow Model (FSM2). MuSA was designed to be user-friendly and scalable. It enables assimilation of different state variables such as the snow depth, SWE, snow surface temperature, binary or fractional snow-covered area, and snow albedo and could be easily upgraded to assimilate other variables such as liquid water content or snow density in the future. MuSA allows the joint assimilation of an arbitrary number of these variables, through the generation of an ensemble of FSM2 simulations. The characteristics of the ensemble (i.e., the number of particles and their prior covariance) may be controlled by the user, and it is generated by perturbing the meteorological forcing of FSM2. The observational variables may be assimilated using different algorithms including particle filters and smoothers as well as ensemble Kalman filters and smoothers along with their iterative variants. We demonstrate the wide capabilities of MuSA through two snow data assimilation experiments. First, 5 m resolution snow depth maps derived from drone surveys are assimilated in a distributed fashion in the Izas catchment (central Pyrenees). Furthermore, we conducted a joint-assimilation experiment, fusing MODIS land surface temperature and fractional snow-covered area with FSM2 in a single-cell experiment. In light of these experiments, we discuss the pros and cons of the assimilation algorithms, including their computational cost.
Funder
Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Norges Forskningsråd Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Reference140 articles.
1. Aalstad, K., Westermann, S., Schuler, T. V., Boike, J., and Bertino, L.: Ensemble-based assimilation of fractional snow-covered area satellite retrievals to estimate the snow distribution at Arctic sites, The Cryosphere, 12, 247–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-247-2018, 2018. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i 2. Aalstad, K., Westermann, S., and Bertino, L.: Evaluating satellite retrieved
fractional snow-covered area at a high-Arctic site using terrestrial
photography, Remote Sens. Environ., 239, 111618,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111618, 2020. a 3. Alonso González, E.: ealonsogzl/MuSA: v1.0 GMD submission (v1.0), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7014570, 2022. a 4. Alonso-González, E.: Inputs (forcing and observations) ready for use by “MuSA: The Multiscale Snow Data Assimilation System (v1.0)”, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7248635, 2022. a 5. Alonso-González, E., López-Moreno, J. I., Gascoin, S., García-Valdecasas Ojeda, M., Sanmiguel-Vallelado, A., Navarro-Serrano, F., Revuelto, J., Ceballos, A., Esteban-Parra, M. J., and Essery, R.: Daily gridded datasets of snow depth and snow water equivalent for the Iberian Peninsula from 1980 to 2014, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 303–315, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-303-2018, 2018. a
Cited by
7 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|