Contribution of the Triglycerides-Glucose Index (TyG) in the Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Pregnant Women During an OGTT Test

Abstract

The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index is a marker used to assess insulin resistance which is associated with the occurrence of gestational diabetes. The aim of this study is to determine the benefit of the TyG within the diagnosis of insulin resistance in pregnant women in an orally induced hyperglycaemia test. This study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, at Aristide le Dantec University Hospital in collaboration with the department of gynaecology. Women with fasting blood glucose < 0.92 g/L at 12 weeks of age benefited from the OGTT 75 test following the WHO protocol. The TyG index was calculated using the formula: Ln [fasting triglyceridemia (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)]/2. Data were analysed using SPSS v.26 and a p< value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 102 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 29± to 5.9 years. The OGTT 75 test was positive in 24 women (23.5%) with a predominance in the third trimester (19.4%). TyG values were significantly higher in women with gestational diabetes (8.76, ±0.5vs8.2±, 0.5; p<0.0001), in contrast to the HOMA index (6.43, ±16.8, ±1.15±, 0.9; p=0.138). The AUC of the ROC curve for the TyG-H0, TyG-H1 and TyG-H2 indices were 0.808 (95% CI)=0.70-0.92), 0.808 (95% CI)=0.698-0.918), 0.818 (95% CI)=0.70-0.93, respectively. For the HOMA-IR index, the AUC was 0.799 (95% CI = 0.69-0.91). The cut-off value for the TyG-H<sub>1</sub> index was 9.5 with a sensitivity and specificity of 79.2% and 71.8%, respectively. The TyG index is a better way to assess the level of insulin resistance in pregnant women than using the HOMA index, especially after the first hour of a glucose load of 75g.