Food-Based Intervention for Boosting Micronutrient Status and Health - A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Food fortification and supplementation represent crucial strategies for combating the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children, adolescents, and pregnant women. However, the efficacy of interventions in increasing nutrient bioavailability primarily hinges on incorporating nutrient-rich foods and employing suitable food preparation techniques. Research underscores the significant potential of food-based approaches in augmenting micronutrient intake and fostering optimal growth and development. This comprehensive review assesses findings from 36 articles published within the last decade, focusing on food-based interventions aimed at alleviating micronutrient deficiencies in Africa. Analysis reveals that ten trials yielded positive outcomes across all growth metrics, albeit one study showed no significant changes in height Z scores. While two trials did not observe alterations in serum levels, twelve reported improvements in biochemical markers, and four noted enhanced cognitive and academic performance among school children. Despite these encouraging results, advancing food-based solutions to enhance dietary micronutrient quality and mitigate associated health challenges necessitates further investigation. It is imperative to underscore the importance of consuming a balanced diet comprising a diverse range of foods and adhering to recommended food preparation practices to minimize food loss and waste. By prioritizing these measures, individuals can safeguard against micronutrient deficiencies and promote sustained healthy growth and development. In conclusion, while food fortification and supplementation play pivotal roles in addressing micronutrient deficiencies, integrating nutrient-rich foods and appropriate food preparation methods emerges as crucial components in maximizing the effectiveness of interventions. Continued research efforts are essential to refine food-based solutions and ensure their widespread accessibility, ultimately contributing to improved nutritional outcomes and overall well-being in vulnerable populations across Africa and beyond.