BACKGROUND
To our knowledge, no comprehensive quantitative analysis has been conducted regarding the intention to use fitness apps.
OBJECTIVE
To provide developers with practical knowledge to enhance their technology based on user needs. At the same time, to benefit individuals seeking to improve their health and fitness through app usage.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies identified by a search of Embase, PubMed, Web of Science (all collections), Cochrane library, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus from their inception to May 8, 2023. We included studies that empirically investigated the intention to use fitness apps, and that reported the sample size, as well as correlation coefficients or other values (such as path coefficients) that could be converted to correlation coefficients. Then we coded each article to compile the necessary information for the meta-analysis using a random-effect model.
RESULTS
We included 24 articles in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The total sample size is 20727. Meta-analyses showed that the most influential factors with large effects on the intention to use fitness apps were Subjective norms (r = 0.482, p = 0.017) and Perceived usefulness (r = 0.411, p = 0.000), underscoring the pivotal roles these factors played in users' intentions to use fitness apps. Meanwhile, Habit (r = 0.387, p = 0.000), Satisfaction (r =0.375, p = 0.000), Perceived Enjoyment (r = 0.360, p = 0.000), Performance Expectancy (r = 0.278, p =0.037), Perceived Ease-of-Use (r = 0.232, p = 0.000), and Hedonic Motivation (r = 0.223, p = 0.001) showed medium effect sizes, indicating more limited impacts on intention to use. Additionally, Price Value (r = 0.165, p = 0.000), Effort Expectancy (r = 0.163, p = 0.000), and Social Influence (r = 0.161, p = 0.000) showed small effect sizes on intention to use. However, there was no significant relationship between the Facilitating Conditions (r = -0.070, p = 0.672) and intention to use fitness apps. No publication bias was shown.
CONCLUSIONS
We have provided comprehensive evidence on 12 factors that influence the intention to use fitness apps. Among them, Subjective Norms have the highest correlation with intention to use. This research can serve as a reference for practitioners involved in developing and implementing fitness app programs.