UNSTRUCTURED
Introduction: Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) development are significantly impacting the medical field. Understanding AI's application in primary healthcare (PHC) is crucial for maximizing its benefits in this heavily overburdened branch of medicine. This review aims to synthesize the current state of AI implementation and integration in general practice (GP).
Methods: This scoping review follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to screen articles that explore the intersection of AI and primary care. By employing a comprehensive approach, we captured the possible range of AI applications and their implications in PHC. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 107 studies were included in the final analysis.
Results: Thematic analysis revealed three main subtopics. The first theme involves practical and potential usage of this technology, covering administrative tasks, drug management, and disease screening and diagnosis across various fields such as cardiology, dermatology, and ophthalmology. The second theme examines the reactions of the members of healthcare to AI integration, highlighting both enthusiasm and concerns. The third theme addresses broader considerations, including equity, ethics, and research and implementation frameworks.
Discussion: The envisioned uses of AI in PHC align with current efforts, including administrative support, diagnostics, and practice management. However, several key issues require resolution to ensure seamless implementation and equity in AI applications, such as incorporating AI into daily practice, preparing electronic health systems, and maintaining equity while enhancing GP.
Conclusions: AI integration in PHC shows promising, albeit small-scale, findings. With further research and best practices, AI has the potential to significantly support and enhance primary care. Common research areas include administrative support via generative AI, triage, and diagnostic aid. Healthcare professionals often exhibit ambivalence towards AI in PHC, but with further studies, best practices, and active involvement, AI can substantially support this crucial branch of medicine.