Detection of Postictal Generalized Electroencephalogram Suppression: Random Forest Approach

Abstract

Background Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is second only to stroke in neurological events resulting in years of potential life lost. Postictal generalized electroencephalogram (EEG) suppression (PGES) is a period of suppressed brain activity often occurring after generalized tonic-clonic seizure, a most significant risk factor for SUDEP. Therefore, PGES has been considered as a potential biomarker for SUDEP risk. Automatic PGES detection tools can address the limitations of labor-intensive, and sometimes inconsistent, visual analysis. A successful approach to automatic PGES detection must overcome computational challenges involved in the detection of subtle amplitude changes in EEG recordings, which may contain physiological and acquisition artifacts. Objective This study aimed to present a random forest approach for automatic PGES detection using multichannel human EEG recordings acquired in epilepsy monitoring units. Methods We used a combination of temporal, frequency, wavelet, and interchannel correlation features derived from EEG signals to train a random forest classifier. We also constructed and applied confidence-based correction rules based on PGES state changes. Motivated by practical utility, we introduced a new, time distance–based evaluation method for assessing the performance of PGES detection algorithms. Results The time distance–based evaluation showed that our approach achieved a 5-second tolerance-based positive prediction rate of 0.95 for artifact-free signals. For signals with different artifact levels, our prediction rates varied from 0.68 to 0.81. Conclusions We introduced a feature-based, random forest approach for automatic PGES detection using multichannel EEG recordings. Our approach achieved increasingly better time distance–based performance with reduced signal artifact levels. Further study is needed for PGES detection algorithms to perform well irrespective of the levels of signal artifacts.