The genes of reproductive system of Сapsicum genus and the search for ways of their application in conditions of covered soil in Ukraine

Abstract

Pepper (Capsicum genus) is one of the most important vegetables and spices in the world. There is constant work in studying the genetics of pepper. New genes and genetic markers are discovered, previously discovered ones are studied in a fi ner detail. Aim. The aim of this work was to describe and systematize currently known genes of the reproductive system of Capsicum genus plants and to highlight the issue of using recessive mutant genes in the selection process while creating new varieties and hybrids of sweet pepper. Methods. The world collection of sweet pepper, current varieties and hybrids of different countries, our own selection material was used to classify reproductive genes in the selective studies. The experiments were conducted in conditions of plastic and glass greenhouses according to modern methods. Results. The data obtained were systematized into the following groups of genes: functional and genetic sterility, cytoplasmic male sterility, fertility restora- tion, female fertility and the ones, responsible for fl owering processes. A part of described genes may be used in heterosis plant breeding and while creating the original initial material. The examples of using recessive mutant genes while creating new varieties and hybrids of sweet pepper were presented along with their short characteristics. New varieties and hybrids of sweet pepper were introduced into the State register of varieties of plants, suitable for growing in Ukraine. Conclusions. The characterized genes may be used in genetic and selection studies. A number of new commercial varieties and hybrids of sweet pepper were created using reces- sive mutant genes.