In-Vitro Antibacterial Assay of Annona muricata Hydroethanolic Extracts

Abstract

Annona muricata (Soursop) plant is well known to be therapeutic due to its phytochemical constituents. The antibacterial outcome of the hydro-ethanolic extracts of Annona muricata leaves, root and stem bark were evaluated on standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Escherichia coli (ATCC 29522), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) using agar well diffusion method. The extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis at varied concentrations. The root extract at 25.88±0.22 mm on E. coli was observed to have the highest zone of inhibition while the leaves extract at 11.67±6.01 mm on E. coli revealed the least zone of inhibition. The quantitative and qualitative phytochemical assay of the leaves, stem bark and root affirmed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and carbohydrate in varying percentages. The highest quantity of flavonoids and saponin were observed in the stem bark respectively at 15.57 % and 131.49 % while the leaf samples showed highest quantity for alkaloids, tannin, and carbohydrate at 10.00 % 25.43 % and 11.26 % respectively. The presence of the phytochemical compounds in varying quantities may have contributed to the antibacterial activities of Annona muricata. The study further affirms the potency of A. muricata parts in pharmacognosy and therapeutic applications.