Assessment of stability and plasticity of hulless spring oat varieties by yield and 1000 seed weight in the Northern Russia

Abstract

Spring oats in extreme conditions of the Russian North is one of the main annual fodder crops. Therefore, assessment of the source material for adaptability and stability is the basis for creation of new competitive varieties. The purpose of the research was to identify the most plastic varieties of hulless spring oat with the greatest stability in grain yield and 1000 seed weight in the conditions of the Northern region. The experiments were carried out in the southern zone of the Arkhangelsk region in 20202022. Seven hulless spring oat varieties developed by Nemchinovka Federal Research Center were studied in the experimental field. Nemchinovsky 61 variety was used as a standard. To evaluate samples by productivity and 1000 seed weight, the parameters of ecological plasticity and stability were calculated: yield in contrasting years (Y1 + Y2)/2; index of ecological plasticity (IEP); stress resistance (Y2 Y1); linear regression coefficient (bi); coefficient of variation (V); stability index (L); measure of stability (S2d); swing yield (d); indicator of variety stability level (IVSL). According to the data obtained, the varieties were evaluated, and appropriate conclusions were made about the plasticity and stability of hulless oats in terms of grain yield and 1000 seed weight. The average yield of hulless oat varieties over the research years was 2.20 t/ha, 1000 seed weight was 31.57 g. In favorable 2022, grain yield was the highest (3.453.90 t/ha), the index of environmental conditions was positive (Ij = 5.49), in unfavorable 20202021, grain yield was 1.182.11 t/ha and Ij was negative 2.13, 3.36. Regarding 1000 seed weight (31.835.0 g), the most favorable was 2020, the index of environmental conditions was positive (Ij = 1.95). In unfavorable 20212022, 1000 seed weight was 27.736.3 g and Ij was negative 1.71, 0.24. The following cultivars were pliable and stable in grain yield: 52h2467 (bi =1.04, IEP = 1.91, L = 116.99, IVSL = 14.644), H 2895 (L = 102.25, IVSL = 11.188), H 2979 (L = 103.12, IVSL = 12.044); and in 1000 seed weight: H 2895 (IVSL = 1524.711; IEP = 1.145; V = 1.051; (L = 139.999). The variety H 2895 combined high characteristics both in 1000 seed weight and in yield.