Basic Methods of Physical Rehabilitation of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common disease characterized by a high level of disability and disability due to dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system. It is important to combine the basic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and non-drug methods of recovery and physical rehabilitation of patients. The purpose of the study was to show the main methods of physical rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and method. Analysis and generalization of scientific literature were used in the study. Results and discussion. The formation of functional insufficiency of the joints in patients requires improving the functioning of the musculoskeletal system and the quality of life of patients through the use of physical rehabilitation methods. The main element of the rehabilitation complex for patients with rheumatoid arthritis is therapeutic physical culture, aimed at increasing the range of motion of the limbs, muscle strength, reducing pain and improving the general physical condition. One of the important methods of rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is orthosis, since the progression of the disease is inevitably associated with the development of joint deformations, especially in the feet. The goals of orthoses prescription are to protect and relieve joint stress, reduce pain and inflammation by creating controlled rest, correct anatomical axes, prevent or slow down the development of contractures, deviations and deformations. Physiotherapy methods in different periods of the disease provide anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Restorative treatment and physical rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis involves a combination of various methods, among which the most effective are exercise therapy, orthotics, and physical therapy. Conclusion. Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a significant limitation of the functions of the musculoskeletal system due to damage to the articular cartilage and bone, which requires, in addition to drug therapy, the use of methods to restore an adequate level of physical activity and physical rehabilitation. The most effective methods of complex rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis are physical exercises of therapeutic physical culture, orthotics and physiotherapy methods that reduce the activity of the inflammatory process, progression of deformities, maintain the volume of daily household activities, the ability to self-service, professional work and improvement of quality of life