Effects of different proportions of stevia stalk on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation in ruminal fluid derived from sheep

Abstract

Background Stevia straw is a byproduct of sugar crop stevia. It is a good feed material because of richness in nutrients and active substances (steviosides and flavonoids). However, due to improper utilization such as piling, burning and so on, it became a large amount of wasted straw resources and lead to environmental pollution. Methods We added 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.5% of stevia stalk to study the effects of different stevia stalk concentrations on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation in sheep (based on sheep diet). In vitro fermentation method was used, with 17 repetitions for each treatment. All fermentation substrate based on sheep diet with different stevia stalk concentrations were fermented for 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, then the gas production, dry matter degradability (DMD), crude protein degradability (CPD), neutral detergent fiber degradability (NDFD), acid detergent fiber degradability (ADFD), pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were determined. Results The results showed that at different fermentation time, the change trend of gas production in each teatment was basically same, but the maximum occurred in 1.0% treatment at 48 h. The DMD, CPD, NDFD and ADFD of sheep diets increased with fermentation time increasing, especially the CPD48h, NDFD48h and ADFD48h of diets in 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.5% treatments were significantly higher than those in control (P < 0.05). The pH of fermentation substrate in each treatment remained within the normal range of 6.21∼7.25. NH3-N24h–48hin 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.5% treatments were higher than that in control. At 6 h–12 h, the total acid content of 0.8% and 1.0% treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments (P < 0.05), it reached the highest in 1.0% treatment. According to overall evaluation, effect ranking of stevia stalk on sheep nutrient utilization was as follows: 1.0% >0.8% >1.5% >0.4% >0.6% >0.2%. Overall, 1.0% stevia stalk could promote nutrient degradation and sheep rumen fermentation.