Tumor-Specific Growth Factor (TSGF): A futuristic Tumor Biomarker in Early Diagnosis of Cancer

Abstract

Despite the significant improvement in the treatment of modalities and other modern methods of chemotherapy, cancer is one of the fastest-growing chronic disease conditions all over the world. Genetic and Epigenetic alterations in the normal physiology of the cell are the key factor for tumour development. These changes can trigger the production of abnormal protein expressions through stimulation of different signalling pathways and can deeply affect normal cell growth and proliferation. In the field of Cancer research, a biomarker is a substance that tends to indicate the presence of tumour formation in the body. These biomarkers can be either any gene or genetic variations, altered protein expressions, micro-RNAs, or any kind of post-translational modifications of proteins. Several types of tumour biomarkers like AFP, CA-125, PSA Troponin, CEA, Osteoponin, CA-19.9 are used for the early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of disease progression. Tumour-specific growth factor (TSGF) is one such budding and prevailing tumour biomarker used for the early-stage detection of several kinds of carcinomas. TSGF is a gene that helps in tumour angiogenesis and gets released during the preliminary stages from cancer cells that ensure the vascular proliferation of the same. In this review, the clinical investigations of TSGF in different kinds of malignancy is discussed in detail.