Celiac trunk compression syndrome: modern ideas about the problem (review of literature)

Abstract

Celiac trunk compression syndrome is a symptom complex arising from compression of the celiac trunk by the median arcuate ligament, crura of diaphragm or ganglion tissue of the celiac plexus. The main clinical manifestations of this pathological condition are abdominal pain syndrome, indigestion and weight loss. The disease is detected in 0.4–1 % of people in the population, more often in young people. The pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of celiac trunk compression syndrome remain not fully understood, but the key reason for its development is ischemia of the digestive system. The main instrumental methods for diagnosing compression of the celiac trunk are ultrasound duplex scanning of the abdominal aorta and visceral arteries and spiral computed angiography. The only effective treatment for celiac trunk compression syndrome is surgery. Currently, both classical techniques and various minimally invasive technologies are used to decompress the celiac trunk. The advantages of open access include good visual and manual control of anatomical structures, the possibility of eliminating complications, changing the tactics of surgical intervention, if necessary, performing vascular reconstruction. The advantage of minimally invasive surgical technologies is minimal trauma to the abdominal wall tissues, minor postoperative pain syndrome, early rehabilitation, a low risk of developing cusp, wound infection and hernial defects. Regardless of the methodology, surgical treatment can achieve a positive effect in 75–90 % of patients with celiac trunk compression syndrome. These are the modern concepts of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and methods of treatment of this pathological condition.