Chronic mesenteric ischemia: A review of current diagnostic and terminology issues

Abstract

Introduction. Chronic mesenterial ischemia (CMI) is a group of extremely dangerous diseases, considered to be rare, clinically manifested by persistent abdominal pain syndrome, stool disorders, weight loss. CMI can develop both as a result of direct lesion of the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta and as a result of compression from outside under the influence of extravasal factors. Up to 80 % of patients with diagnosed cardiovascular diseases have clinical manifestations of CMI.The aim of the work was to determine the etiological structure, risk factors, principles of classification and diagnosis of chronic ischemia of the digestive organs.Materials and Methods This review includes 47 papers on techniques, techniques, and outcomes of treatment interventions, selected from 835 publications found by keyword in PubMed, Google Scholar, and elibrary.ru databases with a search depth from 1990 to 2021.Results and Discussion There is no generally accepted terminology and classification of CMI. More than 90 % of CMI cases are related to atherosclerotic vascular lesion. The high-risk population includes women over 60 years of age. The classic triad of CMI symptoms includes food-related abdominal pain, weight loss, abdominal aortic auscultation murmur, but due to the nonspecific nature of the complaints, diagnosis is difficult. Clinical suspicion of CMI and re-analysis of the data increase the informative value of radial diagnostic methods.Conclusion Diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia is an interdisciplinary problem, requires interaction of physicians of different specialties: general practitioner or general practitioner, abdominal and vascular surgeon, gastroenterologist, radiologist, endoscopist. The presence of clinical suspicion of CMI increases the informativeness, timeliness and adequacy interpretation of the results of high-tech methods of radiological diagnostics.