Metallic Nitride and Carbide Perovskites: History and Prospects

Abstract

Energy-level diagrams for cubic metallic Fe4N and Mn4N were proposed by Goodenough in the late 1960s. Fe4N is ferromagnetic, but Mn4N is ferrimagnetic with a large moment on Mnc at the cube corner site and a much smaller antiparallel contribution from Mnf at the three face-centre sites. Neutron diffraction revealed noncollinear ferrimagnetism with no compensation where the Mnf moments form 120° triangular antiferromagnetic sublattices but are tilted out of the kagome (111) planes to give the small net sublattice moment. A rich variety of magnetic ordering exists in the ternary Mn3−xM′xN metallic perovskites. Partial substitution of nonmagnetic M′ on Mnc sites leads to a tunable ferrimagnetic compensation point. Two possible antiferromagnetic modes in the kagome planes are a topological Γ4g mode, and a nontopological Γ5g mode where the in-plane components of the Mnf spins lie, respectively, perpendicular and parallel to the edges if the triangles in the kagome planes . Interest in the metallic perovskites has revived with the availability of high-quality thin films that facilitate measurements of magneto-transport properties, strain effects and spin wave velocity. The range of magnetic structures, magnetotransport, magnetocaloric and magnetovolume effects is exceptionally large. The topological ferrimagnets exhibit large anomalous Hall effects. The magnetism is compared with materials where N is replaced by C.