The Safe and Economic Revival of Alkaline Hydrogen/Air Fuel Cells with Circulating Electrolytes, Recommended for Vehicles Using Battery Hybrid Systems and H2 from Ammonia Crackers

Abstract

Alkaline Fuel Cells: The Bacon Fuel Cell, the Apollo NASA Space Shuttle and the Russian System. The Allis Chalmers Tractor,the Union Carbide GM-Electrovan, the Kordesch Hybrid Car, the Eloflux and the Elenco System and the European Space Power Plant for Hermes. Also: the Dornier-Siemens and the Swedish Navy System and Olle Lindstroems work. The fuel cells by Hoechst and von ZeTek. A bipolar system was built in Graz and at Apollo Energy Systems, Inc. 2 kW AFCs were tested with NH3. Liquified Ammonia can be converted to 75 % H2 and 25 % N2. The capacity by wt.and vol. of ammonia surpasses methanol. Ammonia is produced worldwide in several 100 million tons per year. Ammonia is available on farms. Refrigerators worked safely with ammonia. Internal Combustion Engines operate on cracked Ammoniamix with increased power and higher efficiency.