1. Logan Health EMS, Kalispell, Montana, USA.
2. Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA.
3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
4. Rescu, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
5. Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
6. Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
7. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
8. Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
9. Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
10. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.