Diagnosis of liver fibrosis: an emphasis on elastography

Abstract

In the strategy of managing patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases, the priority areas are the determination of the diagnosis with the determination of the main risk factors, the activity of the process (steatosis, steatohepatitis), as well as the degree of fibrous transformation. The rate of progression of liver fibrosis is a decisive factor that will determine the prognosis, treatment tactics and the likelihood of severe complications. The “gold standard” for diagnosing chronic liver pathology is a puncture liver biopsy with morphological examination of the liver tissue. At the same time, potential complications, contraindications to the procedure, low patient compliance, as well as errors in the interpretation of the results obtained due to various reasons are significant limitations of this diagnostic method. These shortcomings were the reason for the search for reliable non-invasive methods for diagnosing liver fibrosis both during the initial examination and during subsequent monitoring in dynamics. Modern methods of liver elastography are widely used for non-invasive assessment of fibrosis, demonstrating good diagnostic capabilities and significantly reducing the need for liver biopsy. Various elastography methods, which have their own advantages and disadvantages, effectively complement each other, which is successfully used in clinical practice in the diagnosis of fibrous transformation. The combined use of elastographic methods and commercial predictive diagnostic panels will increase the diagnostic accuracy in the determination of liver fibrosis.