Can a Lifestyle Genomics Intervention Motivate Patients to Engage in Greater Physical Activity than a Population-Based Intervention? Results from the NOW Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Lifestyle genomics (LGx) is a science that explores interactions between genetic variation, lifestyle components such as physical activity (PA), and subsequent health- and performance-related outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether an LGx intervention could motivate enhanced engagement in PA to a greater extent than a population-based intervention. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this pragmatic randomized controlled trial, participants received either the standard, population-based Group Lifestyle Balance^TM (GLB) program intervention or the GLB program in addition to the provision of LGx information and advice (GLB + LGx). Participants (<i>n</i> = 140) completed a 7-day PA recall at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Data from the PA recalls were used to calculate metabolic equivalents (METs), a measure of energy expenditure. Statistical analyses included split plot analyses of covariance and binary logistic regression (generalized linear models). Differences in leisure time PA weekly METs, weekly minutes of moderate + high-intensity PA, and adherence to PA guidelines were compared between groups (GLB and GLB + LGx) across the 4 time points. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Weekly METs were significantly higher in the GLB + LGx group (1,114.7 ± 141.9; 95% CI 831.5–1,397.8) compared to the standard GLB group (621.6 ± 141.9 MET/week; 95% CI 338.4–904.8) at the 6-month follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.01). All other results were non-significant. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The provision of an LGx intervention resulted in a greater weekly leisure time PA energy expenditure after the 6-month follow-up. Future research should determine how this could be sustained over the long-term. <b><i>Clinical Trial Registration:</i></b> NCT03015012.