Short-Vessel Occlusion Might Indicate Higher Possibility of Success in Reperfusion following Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Abstract

Background: The impact of the length of the occluded vessel in acute large-vessel occlusion on successful reperfusion by mechanical thrombectomy remains unclear. This study evaluated whether diameter and length of the occluded vessel in acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion might relate to successful reperfusion following mechanical thrombectomy. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with acute MCA occlusion who underwent intra-aortic injection of contrast medium to obtain maximum intensity projection (MIP) images acquired by flat-panel detector computed tomography (FD-CT) equipped with an angiographic system. All patients received mechanical thrombectomy and were divided into two groups: those with successful reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [TICI] 2b/3) and those without. We compared the diameter and length of the occluded vessel between the groups. In the sub-analysis of patients with stent retriever use, ratio of length of occluded vessel to length of the active zone was compared. Results: We enrolled 29 patients (median age: 73, M1 occlusion: 51%, stent retriever use: 72%). Eighteen patients achieved TICI 2b/3 with significantly larger distal end diameter (1.7 [interquartile range: 1.5–1.9] vs. 1.2 [1.2–1.5] mm, p = 0.007) and shorter length (7.1 [4.9–9.7] vs. 12.3 [7.2–15.8] mm, p = 0.043) of the occluded vessel. Sub-analysis of 21 patients showed that the cut-off value for TICI 2b/3 reperfusion was 0.32 as the ratio between the occluded vessel and stent retriever active zone (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve: 0.90). Conclusion: In acute MCA occlusion, larger diameter of the distal end and shorter length of the occluded vessel on FD-CT MIP images might indicate a higher possibility of achieving TICI 2b/3 following mechanical thrombectomy.