Vitamin D analysis in the Korean total diet study and UV/sun light irradiated mushrooms

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate vitamin D intake of Koreans in a total diet study (TDS) and to determine the effect of irradiation on vitamin D synthesis in mushrooms. For analysis, sample were saponified and extracted with hexane, and vitamin D was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Based on the validation results, the recovery of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference sample (SRM) 1849a was 96.7% and the z-score of −1.6 was obtained by the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) proficiency test (PT) 21115. Vitamin D2 was not detected in any samples, and the highest level of vitamin D3 was detected in mackerel and anchovies ranging from 24.2 to 120.2 μg/kg. The mean daily intake of vitamin D was 0.99 μg/day, as estimated from the vitamin D contents of the analyzed foods and their corresponding intake. The adequate intake (AI) of vitamin D based on the Dietary reference intakes for Koreans provided by the Ministry of Health and Welfare is 5-15 μg/day for Koreans aged 6 to 75 years. Compared with this AI, vitamin D intake of Koreans estimated in this study was inadequate. For that, the increased vitamin D content in ultraviolet (UV)/sun light irradiated mushrooms warrants further research to increase vitamin D intake of Koreans through diet.