Study of the seed's quality and vitality from tillers in some Iraqi wheat cultivars

Abstract

The experiment was conducted in Babylon province, Al-Shomali district, in a clayloam soil texture in the winter of 2020-2021. to study the effect of cultivars and planting distances between rows and comparison between tillers and the interaction on growth, grain yield and their components in wheat crops. The complete randomized block design RCBD was used in the study for four bread wheat cultivars (C1: Buhooth 22 – C2: French wafer – C3: S 483 and C4: IPA 99). The experiment was analyzed using the spilled plot design into a complete randomized block design with three replicates; the cultivars were considered to be included in the main plot, and the study of tillers in plants was the subplot (T1: main tiller – T2: Second tiller and T3: Third tiller). The most important results can be summarized as follows: The results showed the C3 cultivar excelled in plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf area, number of spikes m-2, spike length, number of grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index, while the C4 cultivar was excelled in chlorophyll content and grain 1000 weight. The tillerring system showed the main tiller T1 excelled on the rest of the tillers in each chlorophyll content, flag leaf area, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain 1000 weight, germination power, germination speed, percentage of germination, seedling weight and the percentage of protein, The interaction between cultivars and tillers appeared C4T1 excelled in chlorophyll content, spike length and grain 1000 weight, while C1T2 excelled in plant height, C3T1 interaction in flag leaf area and the number of grains per spike. Keywords: cultivars, seeds, tiller, wheat.