Determination of the inhibitory activity of some plant extracts against the obligate anaerobic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis that causes dental caries.

Abstract

The study included 147 oral swabs collected from dental caries patients between October 2020 and January 2021. The culture results on the isolation medium showed that 73 samples, 49.7% of the total samples, showed positive growth, while 74 samples or 50.3%, showed no bacterial growth. p . gingivalis isolates produced hemolysin and biofilm formation by 100%. Their ability to produce B-lactamase was decreased, and the percentage of isolates produced was 42.5%, and the percentage of protease-producing isolates was 20.5%. As for the enzyme lipase and urease, all isolates could not produce them. The results showed that all bacterial isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics used, namely Piperacillin - Ciprofloxacin - Levofloxacin - Carbenicillin - oxytetracycline - Azithromycin - Meropene - Norfloxacin at 0%, 0%, 60.3%, 100%, 0%, 60.3%, 60.3%, 9.6%, respectively. Extracts of cloves, pomegranate peel and miswak (aqueous and alcoholic) were used at four concentrations of 75, 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml, and they showed different inhibitory activities against the studied bacteria depending on the concentration. 200 mg/ml is among the most effective inhibitors, especially alcoholic extracts. For these plants, the alcoholic extracts of pomegranate peel, cloves and toothpicks recorded the highest inhibitory activity, with 52, 48 and 25 mm diameters, respectively. The lowest inhibitory activity of the alcohol extract was a concentration of 75 mg, and the highest inhibitory activity was observed against pomegranate peels with a diameter of 25 mm cloves and toothpicks with a diameter of 22 and 8 mm, respectively. Keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Multidrug resistance, inhibition activity, Plant extraction, virulence factors