Relational Factors in Pragmatic Skill Development: Deaf and Hard of Hearing Infants and Toddlers

Author:

Mood Deborah12,Szarkowski Amy3452,Brice Patrick J.6,Wiley Susan7

Affiliation:

1. Section of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado;

2. Contributed equally as co-first authors

3. Children’s Center for Communication/Beverly School for the Deaf, Beverly, Massachusetts;

4. Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;

5. Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts;

6. Gallaudet University, Washington, District of Columbia; and

7. Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinatti Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

Abstract

In this article, we review relational factors in early childhood believed to contribute in unique ways to pragmatic skill development in deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) infants and toddlers. These factors include attending to infant interactions with caregivers and others, supporting development of theory of mind through play and use of mental state language (ie, describing one’s own or others’ thoughts, feelings, and beliefs), and providing accessible opportunities for social interaction. On the basis of a review of the literature and clinical experience, we offer prescriptive strategies for supporting DHH children’s development in these areas. To improve outcomes for DHH children, medical care providers and allied health professionals have a responsibility to support the development of young DHH children’s pragmatic abilities by understanding these variables, coaching caregivers regarding their importance, and facilitating referrals for support when necessary.

Publisher

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Subject

Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

Reference98 articles.

1. Social communication;American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

2. Pragmatics in deaf and hard of hearing children: an introduction;Szarkowski;Pediatrics,2020

3. Cognitive Pragmatics

4. Language underperformance in young children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing: are the expectations too low?;Meinzen-Derr;J Dev Behav Pediatr,2018

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