1. Quoted in Abdellatif Akbib, “Birth and Development of the Moroccan Short Story” Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature 54.1 (2000): 78 (67–87).
2. Hayden White, Tropics of Discourse. Essays in Cultural Criticism ( Baltimore, MD and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978 ) p. 43.
3. Linda Hutcheon, A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction ( London and New York: Routledge, 1989 ) p. 89.
4. Andrés Sorel, Las voces del estrecho (Barcelona: Muchnik, 2000); Pasqual Moreno Torregrosa and Mohamed El Gheryb, Dormir al raso ( Madrid: VOSA, 1994 ).
5. Antonio Izquierdo, La inmigración inesperada. La población extranjera en España (1991–1995) ( Madrid: Trotta, 1996 ), p. 174.