Impacts of Central Pacific El Niño on Southern China Spring Precipitation Controlled by its Longitudinal Position

Author:

Jiang Feng1,Zhang Wenjun1,Geng Xin1,Stuecker Malte F.2,Liu Chao1

Affiliation:

1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

2. Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, and Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea

Abstract

ABSTRACT Here we investigate the response of boreal spring precipitation over southern China (SPSC) to central Pacific (CP) El Niño based on observational datasets. While there is enhanced precipitation over southern China during the decaying boreal spring of eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events, so far no clear precipitation response has been detected during the same decaying stage for CP El Niño composites. Here we show that around half of the CP El Niño events coincide with enhanced SPSC (wet CP El Niño), while the other half are accompanied by reduced SPSC (dry CP El Niño). These two types of CP El Niño events bear dramatically different evolution features in their respective tropical sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) patterns. Wet CP El Niño events are characterized by an SSTA longitudinal position confined to the tropical central-eastern Pacific. In contrast, dry CP El Niño events exhibit a clear westward propagation of SSTAs during their evolution, with maximum SSTAs located to the west of the date line after their mature phase. These different longitudinal positions of positive SSTAs during their decaying phase result in distinct meridional structures of the tropical Pacific convection anomalies as well as the ENSO combination mode (C-mode) response. An anomalous low-level anticyclone is evident over the western North Pacific during wet CP El Niño events during their decaying phase, while an anomalous cyclonic circulation is found for dry CP El Niño events. We emphasize that the impacts of CP El Niño on the SPSC depend crucially on the simultaneous zonal location of warm SSTAs in the tropical Pacific.

Funder

National Key Research and Development Program on Monitoring, Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster

National Natural Science Foundation of China

SOA Program on Global Change and Air-Sea interactions

Institute for Basic Science

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Atmospheric Science

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