1. a State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
2. b Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
3. c Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hefei, China
4. d Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
5. e School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China