Attenuation and Differential Attenuation of 5-cm-Wavelength Radiation in Melting Hail

Author:

Borowska L.1,Ryzhkov A.2,Zrnić D.3,Simmer C.1,Palmer R.4

Affiliation:

1. Meteorological Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

2. Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, and NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma

3. NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma

4. Atmospheric Radar Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma

Abstract

Abstract Presented are quantitative estimates of specific attenuation and specific differential attenuation of 5-cm-wavelength radiation (C band) obtained by comparison with measurements at 10-cm wavelength (S band), which are much less affected by attenuation. The data originated from two almost-collocated radars in central Oklahoma. To avoid biases in estimates, the slopes with respect to range of differences in reflectivities and differential reflectivities are assumed to represent the specific attenuations. Observations on a day with no reports of hail on the ground and on a day with large hail are contrasted. A simple one-dimensional model of melting hail is used to qualify these observations. Examples of volumetric fields of the polarimetric variables obtained at the two wavelengths are presented to illustrate that much can be learned about size, orientation, and phase of hydrometeors over volumes that play a role in precipitation formation.

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Atmospheric Science

Reference27 articles.

1. A computational study of polarimetric radar observables in hail.;Aydin;IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.,1990

2. Polarimetric C-band radar observables in melting hail: A computational study.;Aydin,1991

3. Estimation of rain and hail rates in mixed-phase precipitation.;Balakrishnan;J. Atmos. Sci.,1990

4. Radar attenuation by wet ice spheres.;Battan;J. Appl. Meteor.,1971

5. Experiments in rainfall estimation with a polarimetric radar in a subtropical environment.;Brandes;J. Appl. Meteor.,2002

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