1. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom
2. Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3. Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
4. Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts
5. NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory/Physical Science Division, and Cooperative Institute for Research in EnvironmentalSciences Climate Diagnostics Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado