Rainfall Anomaly over the Lee Side of Mount Carmel (Israel) and the Associated Wind Field

Abstract

Abstract Yagur and other rain gauge stations located on the lee side of Mount Carmel in Israel experience much higher amounts of precipitation than those measured on the windward side of the mountain at a similar altitude and more rain than stations on the mountain itself. This phenomenon is consistently observed, and in the current study it is investigated primarily by means of simultaneous rain–wind observations and by using a two-dimensional simplified orographic model. Orographic model simulations suggest the existence of a flow disturbance at the lee of Mount Carmel, which might cause local rain enhancement. Results from the anemograph placed at Yagur, along with other wind measurements in the Carmel region, support the findings of this model. Observations depict the disturbed flow that occurred at the lee of Mount Carmel and was associated with rain enhancement. The channeled flow caused horizontal convergence, which is in accordance with the second hypothesis. Observations during the rainy periods indicate that the rain enhancement in Yagur is associated with the ridge-parallel flow on the lee side of the mountain. It is hypothesized that the horizontal convergence of the leeside flow with the flow over the mountain causes the local enhancement of precipitation.