1. a Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
2. b Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
3. c Shanghai Scientific Frontier Base for Ocean–Atmosphere Interaction Studies, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
4. d School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
5. e State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
6. f College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China