Land–Atmosphere Interactions Partially Offset the Accelerated Tibetan Plateau Water Cycle through Dynamical Processes

Author:

Sun Jing1,Yang Kun12ORCID,Yu Yan3,Lu Hui1,Lin Yanluan1

Affiliation:

1. a Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute of Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

2. b National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resource Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

3. c Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China

Abstract

Abstract The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has become wetter and warmer during the past four decades, which leads to an adjustment in the surface energy budget, characterized by enhanced surface latent heat and weakened surface sensible heat. However, the impacts of these surface energy changes on climate are unclear. In this study, we investigate the atmospheric response to the altered surface energy budget in the monsoon season over the TP using regional climate simulations. The inhibited surface sensible heating weakens the thermal effect of the TP, which further suppresses low-level convergence and upper-level divergence, thereby weakening the water vapor flux convergence over the plateau. The weakening of low-level air humidity by this dynamical response exceeds the supply from the enhanced surface evaporation, causing decreased precipitation (decreasing more in the wet eastern plateau and less in the dry west). Further analyses show that the precipitation frequency increases mainly for light precipitation while decreasing for heavy precipitation. It is thus demonstrated that on the TP, land surface energy–atmosphere interactions can mitigate the rate of precipitation increase, suppress the increase in frequency of heavy precipitation, and weaken the east–west contrast in precipitation amount, through a dynamical mechanism. Overall, land–atmosphere interactions on the TP exert negative feedback to partially offset the accelerated plateau water cycle under a changing climate.

Funder

The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program

National Science Foundation of China

Basic Science Center for Tibetan Plateau Earth System

The 13th Five-year Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Atmospheric Science

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