1. Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Ministry of Education, and Department of Earth System Science, and Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
2. Weather Bureau of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China, and International Pacific Research Center, and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
4. National Meteorological Center, Beijing, China