Present-Day Atmospheric Simulations Using GISS ModelE: Comparison to In Situ, Satellite, and Reanalysis Data
Author:
Schmidt Gavin A.1, Ruedy Reto2, Hansen James E.3, Aleinov Igor1, Bell Nadine1, Bauer Mike1, Bauer Susanne1, Cairns Brian1, Canuto Vittorio3, Cheng Ye2, Del Genio Anthony3, Faluvegi Greg1, Friend Andrew D.4, Hall Tim M.3, Hu Yongyun1, Kelley Max4, Kiang Nancy Y.1, Koch Dorothy1, Lacis Andy A.3, Lerner Jean1, Lo Ken K.2, Miller Ron L.3, Nazarenko Larissa1, Oinas Valdar2, Perlwitz Jan5, Perlwitz Judith1, Rind David3, Romanou Anastasia6, Russell Gary L.3, Sato Makiko2, Shindell Drew T.3, Stone Peter H.5, Sun Shan7, Tausnev Nick2, Thresher Duane1, Yao Mao-Sung2
Affiliation:
1. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, New York 2. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and SGT, Inc., New York, New York 3. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York 4. LSCE, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 5. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 6. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 7. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Abstract
Abstract
A full description of the ModelE version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) and results are presented for present-day climate simulations (ca. 1979). This version is a complete rewrite of previous models incorporating numerous improvements in basic physics, the stratospheric circulation, and forcing fields. Notable changes include the following: the model top is now above the stratopause, the number of vertical layers has increased, a new cloud microphysical scheme is used, vegetation biophysics now incorporates a sensitivity to humidity, atmospheric turbulence is calculated over the whole column, and new land snow and lake schemes are introduced. The performance of the model using three configurations with different horizontal and vertical resolutions is compared to quality-controlled in situ data, remotely sensed and reanalysis products. Overall, significant improvements over previous models are seen, particularly in upper-atmosphere temperatures and winds, cloud heights, precipitation, and sea level pressure. Data–model comparisons continue, however, to highlight persistent problems in the marine stratocumulus regions.
Publisher
American Meteorological Society
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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