Clinical and Therapeutic Profile of Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndromes Who Do Not Have Significant Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Background —A proportion of patients who present with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are found to have insignificant coronary artery disease (CAD) during coronary angiography, but these patients have not been well characterized. Methods and Results —Of the 5767 patients with non–ST-segment elevation ACS who were enrolled in the Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable Angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin (Eptifibatide) Therapy (PURSUIT) trial and who underwent in-hospital angiography, 88% had significant CAD (any stenosis >50%), 6% had mild CAD (any stenosis >0% to ≤50%), and 6% had no CAD (no stenosis identified). The frequency of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction at 30 days was reduced with eptifibatide treatment in patients with significant CAD (18.3% versus 15.6% for placebo, P =0.006) but not in those with mild CAD (6.6% versus 5.4%, P =0.62) and with no CAD (3.0% versus 1.2%, P =0.28). We identified independent baseline predictors of insignificant CAD (mild or no CAD) and used them to develop a simple predictive nomogram of the probability of insignificant CAD for use at hospital presentation. This nomogram was validated in a separate population of patients with non–ST-segment elevation ACS. Conclusions —Patients with suspected ACS found to have insignificant CAD have a low risk of adverse outcomes, do not appear to benefit from treatment with eptifibatide, and can be predicted with a simple nomogram drawn from baseline characteristics. Because patients with significant CAD appear to have an enhanced benefit from eptifibatide treatment, the predictive nomogram developed can be used to determine indications for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade.