High Signal Intensity on T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cerebral Hemodynamic Reserve in Carotid Occlusive Disease

Abstract

Background and Purpose The importance of MR imaging in carotid artery disease is unclear. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the high signal intensity changes on MR images for diagnosis of hemodynamically compromised unilateral internal carotid artery disease. Methods We evaluated the association of high signal intensities on T2-weighted MR images with changes in cerebral perfusion reserve measured using 99m Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime single-photon emission CT and acetazolamide in 23 patients. Results Eleven patients had a type I response (normal flow and normal perfusion reserve), 8 patients had a type II response (normal flow and decreased perfusion reserve), and 4 patients had a type III response (decreased flow and decreased perfusion reserve). High signal intensities in the centrum semiovale (11/12) and/or posterior periventricular white matter (6/12) were frequently seen in the hemodynamically compromised groups. Extensive high signal intensities were associated with severely impaired cerebral circulation. MR imaging had high sensitivity (0.92) and specificity (1.0) in predicting hemodynamically compromised patients when we used the presence of T2 high intensity in the centrum semiovale as a criterion. Conclusions The centrum semiovale T2 hyperintensities lateralized to the side of carotid occlusion are specific and sensitive for the presence and severity of hemodynamic compromise from carotid occlusive disease.