Loss of Biglycan Enhances Thrombin Generation in Apolipoprotein E -Deficient Mice

Author:

Grandoch Maria1,Kohlmorgen Christina1,Melchior-Becker Ariane1,Feldmann Kathrin1,Homann Susanne1,Müller Julia1,Kiene Lena-Sophia1,Zeng-Brouwers Jinyang1,Schmitz Friederike1,Nagy Nadine1,Polzin Amin1,Gowert Nina S.1,Elvers Margitta1,Skroblin Philipp1,Yin Xiaoke1,Mayr Manuel1,Schaefer Liliana1,Tannock Lisa R.1,Fischer Jens W.1

Affiliation:

1. From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,...

Abstract

Objective— Thrombin signaling promotes atherosclerosis by initiating inflammatory events indirectly through platelet activation and directly via protease-activated receptors. Therefore, endogenous thrombin inhibitors may be relevant modulators of atheroprogression and cardiovascular risk. In addition, endogenous thrombin inhibitors may affect the response to non–vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulants. Here, the question was addressed whether the small leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan acts as an endogenous thrombin inhibitor in atherosclerosis through activation of heparin cofactor II. Approach and Results— Biglycan concentrations were elevated in the plasma of patients with acute coronary syndrome and in male Apolipoprotein E -deficient ( ApoE −/− ) mice. Biglycan was detected in the glycocalyx of capillaries and the subendothelial matrix of arterioles of ApoE −/− mice and in atherosclerotic plaques. Thereby a vascular compartment is provided that may mediate the endothelial and subendothelial activation of heparin cofactor II through biglycan. ApoE and Bgn double-deficient ( ApoE −/− /Bgn −/0 ) mice showed higher activity of circulating thrombin, increased platelet activation and platelet adhesion in vivo, supporting a role of biglycan in balancing thrombin activity. Furthermore, concentrations of circulating cytokines and aortic macrophage content were elevated in ApoE −/− /Bgn −/0 mice, suggesting a proinflammatory phenotype. Elevated platelet activation and macrophage accumulation were reversed by treating ApoE −/− /Bgn −/0 mice with the thrombin inhibitor argatroban. Ultimately, ApoE −/− /Bgn −/0 mice developed aggravated atherosclerosis. Conclusions— The present results indicate that biglycan plays a previously unappreciated protective role during the progression of atherosclerosis by inhibiting thrombin activity, platelet activation, and finally macrophage-mediated plaque inflammation.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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